Poststroke epilepsy is a common complication of stroke, and its incidence has increased due to the high survival rates of acute stroke thanks to medical and technological advancements. The incidence of poststroke epilepsy ranges from 2% to 20%, with a higher incidence overall after hemorrhagic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In a prospective multicenter study, the overall incidence of seizures was approximately 10.6% following hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases and appr

Post-stroke swallowing disorder is a critical neurological complication that poses a life-threatening risk. While a stroke affects different regions of the brain, post-stroke swallowing disorders are observed in 29-81% of acute stroke patients, depending on the diagnostic criteria, evaluation method, and timing. Although most patients show improvement in swallowing function within the first few weeks after stroke, 11-50% continue to experience swallowing disorders even six mo

After a stroke, individuals may experience various language problems such as aphasia, alexia, agraphia, and acalculia. Impaired writing skills (agraphia) and loss of reading skills (alexia) are common in stroke survivors. Alexia, also known as word blindness, text blindness, or visual aphasia, is often associated with aphasia, and individuals with aphasia often have alexithymia as well. Agraphia can occur alone or with other language problems, including aphasia, alexia, agnos

s a stroke patient, it is important to do elbow exercises as they can help improve your range of motion, strength, and flexibility in your affected arm. After a stroke, you may experience muscle weakness or paralysis in one arm or both arms, which can make it difficult to perform daily activities such as reaching, grasping, or holding objects. Elbow exercises can help improve your ability to perform these activities by increasing the strength and mobility of the muscles surro

UPPER BODY COORDINATION EXERCISES Procedure:  The patient and the physiotherapist sit opposite each other. The patient touches the finger of one hand first to the nose and then to the finger in the position held by the physiotherapist. If you can't specifically use your finger, you can use your hand. Follow your finger with your eyes as you do the movement. Benefits:  With this move, you can develop hand-eye coordination. It helps you adjust the distance while doing the movem

When the patient reaches the level where he can receive resistance, resistance is applied by the patient's relative in the opposite direction of the movements. The same movements can also be performed with the help of an exercise band.

Hand exercises are important for you because stroke can cause damage to the brain, which can result in a range of physical and cognitive impairments. Hand exercises can help you recover from these impairments and regain their ability to perform daily activities. Stroke can cause weakness, stiffness, or spasticity in the hand and fingers, which can make it difficult to grasp objects or perform fine motor skills. Hand exercises can help improve hand strength, flexibility, and r

Brunnstrom Stage and Modified Ashworth stages Stroke is a neurological condition that can cause a wide range of motor impairments in patients. Brunnstrom Stage and Modified Ashworth stages are two commonly used methods to describe the severity and progression of motor impairment in patients with stroke. Brunnstrom Stage is a seven-stage model that describes the recovery of motor function following a stroke. The stages are based on the pattern of motor recovery, with each stag

Static Hand-Wrist Orthosis (Rest Splint) A Static Hand-Wrist Orthosis (Rest Splint) is often used to position the hand and wrist after a stroke. It is recommended to hold the wrist at 20-30 degrees of extension, the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint at 40-45 degrees of flexion, the interphalangeal joints at 10-20 degrees of flexion, and the thumb in opposition. Although Static Hand-Wrist Orthosis may be effective for stroke patients in the long term, therapists should analyze i

Mirror therapy was initially introduced in 1996 by Ramachandran et al. as a treatment for phantom pain after amputation. Since then, it has been utilized for various other conditions, including complex regional pain syndrome, severe hyperesthesia after hand injuries, rehabilitation of the hemiplegic side in patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVO), and the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries and coordination disorders in individuals with hemiplegia. Mirror therapy is

The primary goal of stroke rehabilitation is to maximize patients’ physical, mental, social, occupational, private, and educational potential according to their wishes and life plans. Basic Principles of Rehabilitation: Ensuring the planning and execution of treatments for comorbid diseases. Preventing or minimizing secondary complications. Replacing lost motor function. Compensating for sensory and perceptual losses. Ensuring environmental compliance. Encouraging socializati

Walking ability is impaired in 80% of stroke patients. Although most of these patients regain their ability to walk, 40% require assistance while walking, and 60% have limitations in community ambulation. Half of the people with social ambulation one year after stroke, who are relatively well developed, can only walk 40% of the expected distance in the walking test. Hemiplegic gait is characterized by poor selective motor control, delayed and impaired balance reactions, decre

Orthotic and motor learning-based neurophysiological approaches play an important role in stroke rehabilitation. While orthotic applications were traditionally used in the subacute period, recent studies have shown that the use of orthotics in the acute period contributes more to the patient’s functionality. Although the purpose of orthotic treatment differs between the acute and chronic periods, the general purpose of orthotics is to prevent possible complications and provid

Advancements in technology have led to the development of new approaches to rehabilitation aimed at reducing paralysis, restoring movement, and improving outcomes in stroke patients. Studies have proved the effectiveness of these approaches. Among the novel approaches are mirror therapy, biofeedback therapy, robot-assisted therapy, restrictive-forced motion therapy, virtual reality, telerehabilitation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation treatments. Mirror Therapy This appr

Both dynamic and static balance is impaired after hemiplegia. Hemiplegic individuals exhibit a postural deviation that can be up to twice as high as their peers of the same age. Furthermore, weight transfer symmetry is also disrupted, with hemiplegic individuals transferring weight toward the healthy side at a rate of 61-80%. In addition, there is insufficient weight transfer in the frontal plane during the transition from the double support period to the single support perio

Movement rehabilitation is essential for returning stroke survivors to their daily life after the impairment. This type of therapy plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of stroke patients, and the primary goals -amongst others- are to promote neuroplasticity and improve joint range of motion (ROM). Improving the ROM is vital for maintaining upper extremity functionality. Joints that are not moved can become stiff, leading to permanent deformities and pain. If this oc

A stroke is a medical term for a blood vessel in the brain bursting and bleeding or when a part of the brain is deprived of blood supply and, by extension, oxygen and vital nutrients. Blood and oxygen are rendered unable to reach the brain because of the rupture or obstruction, which results in damage to brain cells and tissue, and they begin to die within mere moments of such oxygen deprivation. According to credible research by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) , stroke

A clot or a leakage preventing blood flow to the brain or a portion of the brain, or an artery in the brain bursting or rupturing; it is medically termed a stroke. Strokes are often also referred to as brain attacks. The brain either partially dies or suffers damage in either scenario. A stroke may cause a patient to suffer permanent brain damage, functional disability, or even death. The brain is the organ that manages our bodily activities, retains our memories, and generat

It might be challenging to diagnose brain stem strokes since they can have complicated symptoms. Without the characteristic weakness on one side of the body that characterizes most strokes, a person may have vertigo, dizziness, and acute imbalance. Vertigo symptoms like imbalance or dizziness typically occur concurrently; stroke symptoms like dizziness do not. Additionally, a brain stem stroke can result in blurred vision, slurred speech, and a loss of consciousness. The brai

Strokes have a profound impact on both the mind and body. A stroke transpires when an artery ruptures or the blood flow to the brain is cut due to a blood clot. Brain cells might become damaged or even die if there is a lack of blood supply. Although symptoms can differ from one person to another, many experiences are universal. A stroke can affect practically any body portion because different brain regions regulate various physical processes. Although it is challenging to p